The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 9
The scholar al-Khwarizmi wrote a famous book on solving equations; the word algebra comes from its title and the word algorithm comes from his name; an algorithm is a list of steps for solving a problem, and every computer program runs on algorithms.
Who acts: scholar, word, word algorithm, algorithm, steps, computer program · What happens: write, solve, come, be, run, title · To what, where: famous book, solving equations, title, name, list, problem
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scholar, word, word algorithm, algorithm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 scholar | det |
| 2 | scholar | scholar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wrote | nsubj |
| 3 | al | Al | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 scholar | appos |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Khwarizmi | punct |
| 5 | Khwarizmi | Khwarizmi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 al | flat |
| 6 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 book | det |
| 8 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 book | amod |
| 9 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wrote | obj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 equations | case |
| 11 | solving | solve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 equations | amod |
| 12 | equations | equation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 book | nmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 comes | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 word | det |
| 15 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comes | nsubj |
| 16 | algebra | algebra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 word | appos |
| 17 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 wrote | parataxis |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 title | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 title | nmod:poss |
| 20 | title | title | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comes | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 comes | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 algorithm | det |
| 23 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 algorithm | compound |
| 24 | algorithm | algorithm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 comes | nsubj |
| 25 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 comes | conj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 name | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 name | nmod:poss |
| 28 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 comes | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 list | punct |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 algorithm | det |
| 31 | algorithm | algorithm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 list | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 list | cop |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 list | det |
| 34 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wrote | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 steps | case |
| 36 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 list | nmod |
| 37 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 38 solving | mark |
| 38 | solving | solve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 steps | acl |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 problem | det |
| 40 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 solving | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 runs | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 runs | cc |
| 43 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 program | det |
| 44 | computer | computer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 program | compound |
| 45 | program | program | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 runs | nsubj |
| 46 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 list | conj |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 algorithms | case |
| 48 | algorithms | algorithm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 runs | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 wrote | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | the scholar | a famous book | solving equations | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme on equation=Destination | |||
| 2 | solve | gerund | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | come | present | the word | word's title | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from title=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | come | present | the word algorithm | algorithm's name | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from name=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | a algorithm | a list | of steps | tree rules | |||
| 6 | solve | gerund | steps not said here | a problem | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic | ||||
| 7 | run | present | every computer program | algorithms | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on algorithm=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | title | word | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | name | algorithm | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/9/