The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world, sentence 3

Many old Greek books survived only because of those Arabic copies, which were later turned into Latin and reached Europe's universities.

Who acts: Many old Greek books · What happens: survive, turn, reach · To what, where: Arabic copies, Latin, universities

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Islamic golden age and the wider medieval world» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many old Greek books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 books	amod
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 books	amod
3	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 books	amod
4	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 survived	nsubj
5	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	only	only	ADV	_	5 survived	advmod
7	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	11 copies	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	7 because	fixed
9	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 copies	det
10	Arabic	Arabic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 copies	amod
11	copies	copy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 survived	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 turned	punct
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 turned	nsubj:pass
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 turned	aux:pass
15	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 turned	advmod
16	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 copies	acl:relcl
17	into	into	ADP	_	18 Latin	case
18	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 turned	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 reached	cc
20	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 turned	conj
21	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 universities	nmod:poss
22	's	's	PART	_	21 Europe	case
23	universities	university	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 reached	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 survived	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	survive	past	Many old Greek books		because that Arabic copies	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	turn	past · passive		that Arabic copies	into Latin result; late property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into latin=Result
3	reach	past		Europe's universities		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent university=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:022-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/22-the-islamic-golden-age-and-the-wider-medieval-world/3/