The Mongols, sentence 15
Marco Polo, a merchant from Venice, said he served Kublai Khan, and his book told Europeans about paper money, coal and huge cities; some historians doubt parts of his story, but much of what he described was accurate.
Who acts: Marco, book, historians, much · What happens: say, serve, tell, doubt, describe, be · To what, where: Kublai Khan, Europeans, parts · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Marco, book, historians, much), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marco | Marco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 2 | Polo | Polo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Marco | flat |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 merchant | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 merchant | det |
| 5 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Marco | appos |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 Venice | case |
| 7 | Venice | Venice | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 merchant | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Marco | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 served | nsubj |
| 11 | served | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | ccomp |
| 12 | Kublai | Kublai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Khan | compound |
| 13 | Khan | Khan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 served | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 told | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 told | cc |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 book | nmod:poss |
| 17 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 told | nsubj |
| 18 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 19 | Europeans | European | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 told | iobj |
| 20 | about | about | ADP | _ | 22 money | case |
| 21 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 money | compound |
| 22 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Europeans | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 coal | punct |
| 24 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 money | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 cities | cc |
| 26 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cities | amod |
| 27 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 coal | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 doubt | punct |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 historians | det |
| 30 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 doubt | nsubj |
| 31 | doubt | doubt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | parataxis |
| 32 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 doubt | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 story | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 story | nmod:poss |
| 35 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 parts | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 accurate | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 44 accurate | cc |
| 38 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 accurate | nsubj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 what | case |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 much | nmod |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 described | nsubj |
| 42 | described | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 what | acl:relcl |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 accurate | cop |
| 44 | accurate | accurate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 doubt | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Marco | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | serve | past | Marco | Kublai Khan | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent khan=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Marco's book | Europeans about paper money and coal and huge cities | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent european=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | doubt | present | some historians | parts of Marco's story | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | ||||
| 5 | describe | past | book | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is | past | much | accurate property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:023-the-mongols.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/23-the-mongols/15/