The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages, sentence 3
The same years saw England and France fight the Hundred Years' War, which began in 1337, the year Europa Universalis V starts, and a teenage peasant girl, Joan of Arc, led the French to victory at Orléans.
Who acts: same years, England, War, year Europa, teenage peasant girl · What happens: see, fight, begin, start, lead · To what, where: War, 1337, French, Orléans · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Black Death and the end of the Middle Ages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (same years, England, War, year Europa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 years | det |
| 2 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 fight | nsubj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 France | cc |
| 7 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 England | conj |
| 8 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Years | det |
| 10 | Hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 Years | nummod |
| 11 | Years | Year | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 War | nmod:poss |
| 12 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 11 Years | case |
| 13 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 fight | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 began | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 began | nsubj |
| 16 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 War | acl:relcl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 1337 | case |
| 18 | 1337 | 1337 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 began | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 began | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 year | det |
| 21 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Europa | compound |
| 22 | Europa | europa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 1337 | appos |
| 23 | Universalis | Universalis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Europa | appos |
| 24 | V | V | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 25 starts | nummod |
| 25 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 Europa | acl:relcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 girl | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 girl | cc |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 girl | det |
| 29 | teenage | teenage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 girl | amod |
| 30 | peasant | peasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 girl | compound |
| 31 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 led | nsubj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 Joan | punct |
| 33 | Joan | Joan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 girl | appos |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Arc | case |
| 35 | Arc | arc | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Joan | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 led | punct |
| 37 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 French | det |
| 39 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 led | obj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 victory | case |
| 41 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 led | obl |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 Orléans | case |
| 43 | Orléans | Orléans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 led | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the same years | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | fight | infinitive | England and France | the Hundred Years's War | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | the Hundred Years's War | 1337 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | start | present | year Europa not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | lead | past | a teenage peasant girl | the French | Orléans | to victory | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent french=Theme to victory=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:024-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/24-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-the-middle-ages/3/