Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation, sentence 8
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, studied the human body and drew ideas for flying machines in notebooks written in mirror writing, though most of his machines were never built and many would not have worked.
Who acts: Leonardo, many · What happens: paint, study, draw, fly, write, not build · To what, where: Mona Lisa, human body, ideas, notebooks, mirror writing, most
This is a sentence of the lesson «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leonardo, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leonardo | Leonardo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 painted | nsubj |
| 2 | da | da | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Leonardo | flat |
| 3 | Vinci | Vinci | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Leonardo | flat |
| 4 | painted | paint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Lisa | det |
| 6 | Mona | Mona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Lisa | compound |
| 7 | Lisa | Lisa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 painted | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 studied | punct |
| 9 | studied | study | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 painted | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 body | det |
| 11 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 body | amod |
| 12 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 studied | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 drew | cc |
| 14 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 painted | conj |
| 15 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 drew | obj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 machines | case |
| 17 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 machines | amod |
| 18 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ideas | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 notebooks | case |
| 20 | notebooks | notebook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 drew | obl |
| 21 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 notebooks | acl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 writing | case |
| 23 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 writing | compound |
| 24 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 written | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 built | punct |
| 26 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 33 built | mark |
| 27 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 33 built | nsubj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 machines | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 machines | nmod:poss |
| 30 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 most | nmod |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 built | aux:pass |
| 32 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 33 built | advmod |
| 33 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 drew | advcl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 worked | cc |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 worked | nsubj |
| 36 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 worked | aux |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 worked | advmod |
| 38 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 39 worked | aux |
| 39 | worked | work | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 built | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 painted | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | paint | past | Leonardo | the Mona Lisa | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lisa=Theme | ||||
| 2 | study | past | Leonardo not said here | the human body | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Topic | ||||
| 3 | draw | past | Leonardo not said here | ideas | notebooks | for flying machines | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent idea=Theme in notebook=Destination | ||
| 4 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | write | participle | notebooks not said here | mirror writing | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in writing=Destination | ||||
| 6 | not build | past · passive | most of book's machines | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 7 | not work | would · perfect | many | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:025-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/25-printing-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/8/