Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, sentence 5

Europeans sailed into the unknown mostly to reach the spices, silk and gold of Asia by sea, because the land routes were long and controlled by others.

Who acts: Europeans, land routes · What happens: sail, reach, be, control · To what, where: unknown, spices

This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europeans, land routes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 sailed	nsubj
2	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 unknown	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 unknown	det
5	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sailed	obl
6	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	8 reach	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 reach	mark
8	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 sailed	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 spices	det
10	spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 reach	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 silk	punct
12	silk	silk	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 spices	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 gold	cc
14	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 spices	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Asia	case
16	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 spices	nmod
17	by	by	ADP	_	18 sea	case
18	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reach	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 long	punct
20	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 long	mark
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 routes	det
22	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 routes	compound
23	routes	route	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 long	nsubj
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 long	cop
25	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sailed	advcl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 controlled	cc
27	controlled	control	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 long	conj
28	by	by	ADP	_	29 others	case
29	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 controlled	obl:agent
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sailed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Europeans		the unknown		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into unknown=Trajectory
2	reach	to-infinitive	Europeans not said here	the spices of Asia and silk and gold		by sea; mostly property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent spice=Theme
3	is	past	the land routes			long property	tree rules
4	control	participle	the land routes not said here				vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/5/