Explorers: around Africa and Columbus, sentence 4
Long before him, Vikings had reached North America around the year 1000, and Chinese fleets under Zheng He had sailed as far as East Africa in the early 1400s.
Who acts: Vikings, Christopher · What happens: reach, sail · To what, where: North America, early 1400s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, Christopher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 reached | advmod |
| 2 | before | before | ADP | _ | 3 him | case |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Long | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Long | punct |
| 5 | Vikings | viking | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 reached | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 reached | aux |
| 7 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 America | compound |
| 9 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 reached | obj |
| 10 | around | around | ADP | _ | 12 year | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 year | det |
| 12 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reached | obl |
| 13 | 1000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 year | flat |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fleets | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 fleets | cc |
| 16 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 fleets | amod |
| 17 | fleets | fleet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 reached | conj |
| 18 | under | under | ADP | _ | 19 Zheng | case |
| 19 | Zheng | Zheng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 fleets | nmod |
| 20 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 sailed | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 sailed | aux |
| 22 | sailed | sail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 reached | conj |
| 23 | as | as | ADV | _ | 24 far | advmod |
| 24 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 sailed | advmod |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 Africa | case |
| 26 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Africa | compound |
| 27 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 far | obl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 1400s | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 1400s | det |
| 30 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 1400s | amod |
| 31 | 1400s | 1400 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 22 sailed | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past · perfect | Vikings | North America | year | long property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme | ||
| 2 | sail | past · perfect | Christopher | the early 1400s | far property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:026-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/4/