The age of science, sentence 9
The scientific method means testing ideas by careful experiments and measurements rather than trusting old books.
Who acts: scientific method · What happens: mean, test, trust · To what, where: ideas, old books · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientific method), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 method | det |
| 2 | scientific | scientific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 method | amod |
| 3 | method | method | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | testing | test | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 means | ccomp |
| 6 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 testing | obj |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 experiments | case |
| 8 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 experiments | amod |
| 9 | experiments | experiment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 testing | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 measurements | cc |
| 11 | measurements | measurement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 experiments | conj |
| 12 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 14 trusting | advmod |
| 13 | than | than | CCONJ | _ | 14 trusting | cc |
| 14 | trusting | trust | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 testing | conj |
| 15 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 books | amod |
| 16 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 trusting | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | the scientific method | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | test | gerund | ideas | by careful experiments and measurements | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme | ||||
| 3 | trust | gerund | old books | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:029-the-age-of-science.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/29-the-age-of-science/9/