Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing, sentence 5
So the Sumerians invented writing, first as little pictures of grain and sheep.
Who acts: Sumerians · What happens: invent · To what, where: writing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sumerians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 invented | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Sumerians | det |
| 3 | Sumerians | sumerian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 invented | nsubj |
| 4 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 invented | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 pictures | punct |
| 7 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 10 pictures | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 pictures | case |
| 9 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 pictures | amod |
| 10 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 invented | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 grain | case |
| 12 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 pictures | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sheep | cc |
| 14 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 grain | conj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | past | the Sumerians | writing | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/3-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing/5/