Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing, sentence 4

With so much grain and so many sheep to count, people needed a way to remember who owned what, like a shop writing down what you owe.

Who acts: people, shop, you · What happens: count, need, remember, own, write down, owe · To what, where: way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: the first cities and writing» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, shop, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	4 grain	case
2	so	so	ADV	_	3 much	advmod
3	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 grain	amod
4	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 needed	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sheep	cc
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 many	advmod
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sheep	amod
8	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grain	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 count	mark
10	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 sheep	acl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 grain	punct
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 needed	nsubj
13	needed	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 way	det
15	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 needed	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 remember	mark
17	remember	remember	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 way	acl
18	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 owned	nsubj
19	owned	own	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 remember	ccomp
20	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 owned	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 writing	punct
22	like	like	SCONJ	_	25 writing	mark
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 shop	det
24	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 writing	nsubj
25	writing	write	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 needed	advcl
26	down	down	ADP	_	25 writing	compound:prt
27	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	25 writing	obj
28	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	29 owe	nsubj
29	owe	owe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 what	acl:relcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 needed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	count	to-infinitive	people not said here			vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	need	past	people	a way	with much grain and many sheep	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme
3	remember	to-infinitive	people not said here	a way not said here		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	own	past				vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
5	write down	gerund	a shop			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme
6	owe	present	you			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:003-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/3-mesopotamia-first-cities-and-writing/4/