Slavery and its abolition, sentence 2
Enslaved people were never just victims: they kept their music, faith and stories alive, escaped, resisted, and in Haiti won a revolution that made the first free Black republic in 1804.
Who acts: Enslaved people, people, revolution · What happens: enslave, not be, keep, escape, resist, win · To what, where: victims, music, revolution, Haiti, first free Black republic, 1804
This is a sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Enslaved people, people, revolution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 people | amod |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 victims | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 victims | cop |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 victims | advmod |
| 5 | just | just | ADV | _ | 6 victims | advmod |
| 6 | victims | victim | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 kept | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 kept | nsubj |
| 9 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 victims | parataxis |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 music | nmod:poss |
| 11 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 kept | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 faith | punct |
| 13 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 music | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 stories | cc |
| 15 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 music | conj |
| 16 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 kept | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 escaped | punct |
| 18 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 kept | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 resisted | punct |
| 20 | resisted | resist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 kept | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 won | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 won | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Haiti | case |
| 24 | Haiti | Haiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 won | obl |
| 25 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 kept | conj |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 revolution | det |
| 27 | revolution | revolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 won | obj |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 made | nsubj |
| 29 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 revolution | acl:relcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 republic | det |
| 31 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 34 republic | amod |
| 32 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 republic | amod |
| 33 | Black | Black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 republic | amod |
| 34 | republic | republic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 made | obj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 1804 | case |
| 36 | 1804 | 1804 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 made | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 victims | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | not is a | past | Enslaved people | victims | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | keep | past | people | people's music and faith and stories | alive property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme | |||
| 4 | escape | past | people not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | resist | past | people not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | win | past | people not said here | a revolution | Haiti | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revolution=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | make | past | a revolution | the first free Black republic | 1804 | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset republic=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/2/