Slavery and its abolition, sentence 1
From the 1500s to the 1800s European traders carried about 12 million Africans across the Atlantic by force to work on plantations of sugar, cotton and tobacco in the Americas.
Who acts: European traders · What happens: carry, work · To what, where: million Africans, 1500s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Slavery and its abolition» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European traders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 1500s | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 1500s | det |
| 3 | 1500s | 1500 | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 carried | obl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 1800s | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 1800s | det |
| 6 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 3 1500s | nmod |
| 7 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 traders | amod |
| 8 | traders | trader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 carried | nsubj |
| 9 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 million | advmod |
| 11 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 million | compound |
| 12 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 Africans | nummod |
| 13 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 carried | obj |
| 14 | across | across | ADP | _ | 16 Atlantic | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Atlantic | det |
| 16 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 carried | obl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 force | case |
| 18 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 carried | obl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 work | mark |
| 20 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 carried | advcl |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 plantations | case |
| 22 | plantations | plantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 work | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 sugar | case |
| 24 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 plantations | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 cotton | punct |
| 26 | cotton | cotton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sugar | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 tobacco | cc |
| 28 | tobacco | tobacco | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sugar | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 Americas | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Americas | det |
| 31 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 plantations | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | past | European traders | million Africans | the 1500s to the 1800s | across the Atlantic; by force | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent african=Theme from 1500=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | work | to-infinitive | European traders not said here | on plantations of sugar and cotton and tobacco in the Americas | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on plantation=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:031-slavery-and-its-abolition.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/31-slavery-and-its-abolition/1/