Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 1

The wheel appeared about 5,500 years ago, first for potters and soon for carts, though people had already farmed and built towns for thousands of years before it.

Who acts: wheel, people · What happens: appear, farm, build · To what, where: towns

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wheel, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wheel	det
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 appeared	nsubj
3	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 5,500	advmod
5	5,500	5,500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 years	nummod
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ago	obl:unmarked
7	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 appeared	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 potters	punct
9	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 potters	advmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 potters	case
11	potters	potter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 appeared	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 carts	cc
13	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 carts	advmod
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 carts	case
15	carts	cart	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 potters	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 farmed	punct
17	though	though	SCONJ	_	21 farmed	mark
18	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 farmed	nsubj
19	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 farmed	aux
20	already	already	ADV	_	21 farmed	advmod
21	farmed	farm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 appeared	advcl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 built	cc
23	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	21 farmed	conj
24	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 built	obj
25	for	for	ADP	_	26 thousands	case
26	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 farmed	obl
27	of	of	ADP	_	28 years	case
28	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 thousands	nmod
29	before	before	ADP	_	30 it	case
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 farmed	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 appeared	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	appear	past	the wheel			for potters and carts; ago property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	farm	past · perfect	people		before wheel	for thousands of years	vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	build	participle	people not said here	towns			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset town=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/1/