Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 12

Old writers said Babylon had Hanging Gardens on terraces (wide steps of earth, one above another), one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, but no one has found clear remains, so some historians doubt they were there.

Who acts: Old writers, Babylon, one, historians · What happens: say, have, find, doubt, be, step · To what, where: Hanging Gardens, clear remains, earth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old writers, Babylon, one, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 writers	amod
2	writers	writer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
6	Hanging	Hanging	PROPN	_	7 Gardens	compound
7	Gardens	Gardens	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 had	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 terraces	case
9	terraces	terrace	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 Hanging	obl
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 steps	punct
11	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 steps	amod
12	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 terraces	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 earth	case
14	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 steps	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 one	punct
16	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 steps	appos
17	above	above	ADP	_	18 another	case
18	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	16 one	nmod
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 steps	punct
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 one	punct
21	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 Gardens	appos
22	of	of	ADP	_	25 Wonders	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Wonders	det
24	Seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	25 Wonders	nummod
25	Wonders	wonder	PROPN	Number=Plur	21 one	nmod
26	of	of	ADP	_	29 world	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 world	det
28	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 world	amod
29	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 Wonders	nmod
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 found	punct
31	but	but	CCONJ	_	35 found	cc
32	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	33 one	det
33	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 found	nsubj
34	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 found	aux
35	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 said	conj
36	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 remains	amod
37	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	35 found	obj
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 doubt	punct
39	so	so	ADV	_	42 doubt	advmod
40	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	41 historians	det
41	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 doubt	nsubj
42	doubt	doubt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 had	conj
43	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 there	nsubj
44	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	45 there	cop
45	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	42 doubt	ccomp
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Old writers			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	past	Babylon	Hanging Gardens		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gardens=Patient
3	find	present · perfect	no one	clear remains		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Topic
4	doubt	present	some historians			vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	is	past	historians = historian		there property	tree rules
6	step			earth		nom step «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/12/