Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 13
Mesopotamia had little wood, stone or metal, so merchants traded grain and cloth for timber, copper and precious stones from far away.
Who acts: Mesopotamia, merchants · What happens: have, trade · To what, where: little wood, grain
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mesopotamia, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wood | amod |
| 4 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 stone | punct |
| 6 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wood | conj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 metal | cc |
| 8 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wood | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 traded | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 traded | advmod |
| 11 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 traded | nsubj |
| 12 | traded | trade | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 13 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 traded | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 cloth | cc |
| 15 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 grain | conj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 timber | case |
| 17 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 traded | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 copper | punct |
| 19 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 timber | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stones | cc |
| 21 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 stones | amod |
| 22 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 timber | conj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 far | case |
| 24 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 traded | obl |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 far | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Mesopotamia | little wood and stone or metal | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient | ||||
| 2 | trade | past | merchants | grain and cloth | for timber and copper and precious stones | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent grain=Theme for timber=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/13/