Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires, sentence 7
The wheel was not the first invention: people had farmed, built towns and made pottery for thousands of years before it.
Who acts: wheel, people · What happens: not be, farm, build, make · To what, where: first invention, towns, pottery
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mesopotamia: wheels, laws and empires» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wheel, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 wheel | det |
| 2 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 invention | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 invention | cop |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 invention | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 invention | det |
| 6 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 7 invention | amod |
| 7 | invention | invention | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 farmed | punct |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 farmed | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 farmed | aux |
| 11 | farmed | farm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 invention | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 built | punct |
| 13 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 farmed | conj |
| 14 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 built | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 made | cc |
| 16 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 farmed | conj |
| 17 | pottery | pottery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 made | obj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 thousands | case |
| 19 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 made | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 thousands | nmod |
| 22 | before | before | ADP | _ | 23 it | case |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 made | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 invention | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | past | the wheel | the first invention | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | farm | past · perfect | people | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | build | participle | people not said here | towns | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset town=Product | ||||
| 4 | make | past | people not said here | pottery | before wheel | for thousands of years | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent pottery=Product for thousand=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:004-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/4-mesopotamia-wheels-laws-and-empires/7/