Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, sentence 11
The chronicle says Varangian (Scandinavian) leaders such as Oleh came to rule Kyiv in the 9th century; names like Oleh (Helgi) and Olha (Helga) come from Old Norse, and within a few generations the rulers spoke the local Slavic language.
Who acts: chronicle, Varangian Scandinavian leaders, names, rulers · What happens: say, come, rule, speak · To what, where: Kyiv, Old Norse, local Slavic language · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chronicle, Varangian Scandinavian leaders, names, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chronicle | det |
| 2 | chronicle | chronicle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Varangian | varangian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 leaders | amod |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 Scandinavian | punct |
| 6 | Scandinavian | scandinavian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 leaders | compound |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 Scandinavian | punct |
| 8 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 came | nsubj |
| 9 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 11 Oleh | case |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 such | fixed |
| 11 | Oleh | Oleh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 leaders | nmod |
| 12 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | ccomp |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 rule | mark |
| 14 | rule | rule | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 came | xcomp |
| 15 | Kyiv | Kyiv | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 rule | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 century | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 century | det |
| 18 | 9th | 9th | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 century | amod |
| 19 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rule | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 names | punct |
| 21 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 come | nsubj |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 Oleh | case |
| 23 | Oleh | Oleh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 names | nmod |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 Helgi | punct |
| 25 | Helgi | Helgi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Oleh | appos |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 Helgi | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Olha | cc |
| 28 | Olha | Olha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Oleh | conj |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 Helga | punct |
| 30 | Helga | Helga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Olha | appos |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 Helga | punct |
| 32 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 came | parataxis |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 Norse | case |
| 34 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 Norse | amod |
| 35 | Norse | Norse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 come | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 spoke | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 spoke | cc |
| 38 | within | within | ADP | _ | 41 generations | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 generations | det |
| 40 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 generations | amod |
| 41 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 spoke | obl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 rulers | det |
| 43 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 spoke | nsubj |
| 44 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 come | conj |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 language | det |
| 46 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 language | amod |
| 47 | Slavic | slavic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 language | amod |
| 48 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 spoke | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the chronicle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | come | past | Varangian Scandinavian leaders such Oleh | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | rule | to-infinitive | Varangian Scandinavian leaders such Oleh not said here | Kyiv | century | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result | |||
| 4 | come | present | names like Oleh and Olha | Old Norse | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from norse=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | speak speech: other | past | the rulers | the local Slavic language | within a few generations | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/11/