Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus, sentence 13

The Byzantine writer Leo the Deacon described Prince Sviatoslav with a shaved head and one lock of hair; he defeated the Khazars, lost his war with Byzantium (the Greek-speaking empire whose capital was Constantinople) and was killed by Pechenegs, horsemen of the steppe, in 972, about five centuries before the first Cossacks.

Who acts: Byzantine writer, Prince, capital, Pechenegs · What happens: describe, shave, defeat, lose, speak, be · To what, where: Prince, Khazars, war, 972, Constantinople · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Byzantine writer, Prince, capital, Pechenegs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 writer	det
2	Byzantine	byzantine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 writer	amod
3	writer	writer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 described	nsubj
4	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 writer	appos
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Deacon	det
6	Deacon	deacon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 writer	conj
7	described	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 lost	parataxis
8	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 described	obj
9	Sviatoslav	Sviatoslav	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Prince	flat
10	with	with	ADP	_	13 head	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 head	det
12	shaved	shave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 head	amod
13	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 described	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 lock	cc
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 lock	nummod
16	lock	lock	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 head	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 hair	case
18	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 lock	nmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 defeated	punct
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 defeated	nsubj
21	defeated	defeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 lost	conj
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Khazars	det
23	Khazars	Khazars	PROPN	Number=Plur	21 defeated	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 lost	punct
25	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 war	nmod:poss
27	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lost	obj
28	with	with	ADP	_	29 Byzantium	case
29	Byzantium	Byzantium	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 war	nmod
30	(	(	PUNCT	_	35 empire	punct
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 empire	det
32	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 speaking	compound
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	32 Greek	punct
34	speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	35 empire	amod
35	empire	empire	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 Byzantium	appos
36	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	37 capital	nmod:poss
37	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 Constantinople	nsubj
38	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 Constantinople	cop
39	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 empire	acl:relcl
40	)	)	PUNCT	_	35 empire	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 killed	cc
42	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	43 killed	aux:pass
43	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 lost	conj
44	by	by	ADP	_	45 Pechenegs	case
45	Pechenegs	Pechenegs	PROPN	Number=Plur	43 killed	obl
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 horsemen	punct
47	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 Pechenegs	parataxis
48	of	of	ADP	_	50 steppe	case
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 steppe	det
50	steppe	steppe	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 horsemen	nmod
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 972	punct
52	in	in	ADP	_	53 972	case
53	972	972	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 lost	obl
54	,	,	PUNCT	_	57 centuries	punct
55	about	about	ADV	_	56 five	advmod
56	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	57 centuries	nummod
57	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 972	nmod
58	before	before	ADP	_	61 Cossacks	case
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	61 Cossacks	det
60	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	61 Cossacks	amod
61	Cossacks	cossack	NOUN	Number=Plur	57 centuries	nmod
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 described	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	describe	past	the Byzantine writer and the Deacon	Prince		with a shaved head and one lock of hair	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent prince=Theme
2	shave	participle					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	defeat	past	Prince	the Khazars			tree rules
4	lose	past		Prince's war	972 five centuries before the first Cossacks	with Byzantium	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Eventuality
5	speak speech: other	gerund					vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is a	past	Constantinople's capital	Constantinople			tree rules
7	kill	past · passive	Pechenegs				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
8	war		Prince			with Byzantium	nom war «act intransitive»: poss=agent with=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:041-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/13/