Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks, sentence 15
In 1621 at Khotyn a Polish-Lithuanian army with about 40,000 Cossacks under Hetman Petro Sahaidachny (a hetman was the Cossacks' chosen commander) held off a large Ottoman army; the Cossacks were crucial, but the army was a joint one.
Who acts: hetman, Lithuanian army, Cossacks, army · What happens: choose, be, hold off · To what, where: chosen commander, large Ottoman army, 1621, joint one
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hetman, Lithuanian army, Cossacks, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1621 | case |
| 2 | 1621 | 1621 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 held | obl |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 Khotyn | case |
| 4 | Khotyn | Khotyn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 1621 | nmod |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 army | det |
| 6 | Polish | polish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Lithuanian | amod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 Polish | punct |
| 8 | Lithuanian | lithuanian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 army | amod |
| 9 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 held | nsubj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 Cossacks | case |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 40,000 | advmod |
| 12 | 40,000 | 40000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 Cossacks | nummod |
| 13 | Cossacks | cossack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 army | nmod |
| 14 | under | under | ADP | _ | 15 Hetman | case |
| 15 | Hetman | Hetman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Cossacks | nmod |
| 16 | Petro | Petro | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Hetman | flat |
| 17 | Sahaidachny | Sahaidachny | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Hetman | flat |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 hetman | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 hetman | det |
| 20 | hetman | hetman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 commander | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 commander | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Cossacks | det |
| 23 | Cossacks | cossack | PROPN | Number=Plur | 26 commander | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 23 Cossacks | case |
| 25 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 commander | amod |
| 26 | commander | commander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 held | parataxis |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 commander | punct |
| 28 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 29 | off | off | ADP | _ | 28 held | compound:prt |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 army | det |
| 31 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 army | amod |
| 32 | Ottoman | ottoman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 army | amod |
| 33 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 held | obj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 crucial | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Cossacks | det |
| 36 | Cossacks | cossack | PROPN | Number=Plur | 38 crucial | nsubj |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 crucial | cop |
| 38 | crucial | crucial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 held | parataxis |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 one | punct |
| 40 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 one | cc |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 army | det |
| 42 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 one | nsubj |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 one | cop |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 one | det |
| 45 | joint | joint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 one | amod |
| 46 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 crucial | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 held | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | choose | participle | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is a | past | a hetman | the Cossacks's chosen commander | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hold off | past | a Lithuanian army with 40,000 Cossacks under Hetman | a large Ottoman army | 1621 at Khotyn | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent army=Theme in 1621=Location | |||
| 4 | is | past | the Cossacks | crucial property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | the army | a joint one | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:043-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/43-lithuanian-and-polish-times-the-first-cossacks/15/