The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 12

In 1932–1933 millions died in Soviet Ukraine in a famine caused by Soviet policy: forced collectivisation (making farmers give their land and animals to big state farms), impossible grain quotas (amounts each village had to hand over), seizing food and blocking starving peasants from leaving; Ukraine and many other countries recognise it as genocide (an attempt to destroy a people), while some historians debate the legal label.

Who acts: millions, forced collectivisation, farmers, village, amounts, Ukraine · What happens: die, cause, force, make, give, have · To what, where: famine, land, big state farms, amounts, food, starving peasants

This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (millions, forced collectivisation, farmers, village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1932	case
2	1932	1932	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 died	obl
3	–	-	PUNCT	_	2 1932	punct
4	1933	1933	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 1932	flat
5	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 died	nsubj
6	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 Ukraine	case
8	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Ukraine	compound
9	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 died	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 famine	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 famine	det
12	famine	famine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 died	obl
13	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 famine	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 policy	case
15	Soviet	soviet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 policy	amod
16	policy	policy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 caused	obl:agent
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 collectivisation	punct
18	forced	force	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 collectivisation	amod
19	collectivisation	collectivisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 policy	conj
20	(	(	PUNCT	_	21 making	punct
21	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 collectivisation	acl
22	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 give	nsubj
23	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 making	xcomp
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 land	nmod:poss
25	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 give	obj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 animals	cc
27	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 land	conj
28	to	to	ADP	_	31 farms	case
29	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 farms	amod
30	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 farms	compound
31	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 give	obl
32	)	)	PUNCT	_	21 making	punct
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 quotas	punct
34	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 quotas	amod
35	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 quotas	compound
36	quotas	quota	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 collectivisation	conj
37	(	(	PUNCT	_	38 amounts	punct
38	amounts	amount	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 quotas	conj
39	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	40 village	det
40	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 had	nsubj
41	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 amounts	acl:relcl
42	to	to	PART	_	43 hand	mark
43	hand	hand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	41 had	xcomp
44	over	over	ADP	_	43 hand	compound:prt
45	)	)	PUNCT	_	41 had	punct
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 seizing	punct
47	seizing	seize	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 collectivisation	conj
48	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 seizing	obj
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	50 blocking	cc
50	blocking	block	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	47 seizing	conj
51	starving	starve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	52 peasants	amod
52	peasants	peasant	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 blocking	obj
53	from	from	SCONJ	_	54 leaving	mark
54	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	50 blocking	advcl
55	;	;	PUNCT	_	56 Ukraine	punct
56	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	61 recognise	nsubj
57	and	and	CCONJ	_	60 countries	cc
58	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	60 countries	amod
59	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	60 countries	amod
60	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	56 Ukraine	conj
61	recognise	recognise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 caused	parataxis
62	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	61 recognise	obj
63	as	as	ADP	_	64 genocide	case
64	genocide	genocide	NOUN	Number=Sing	61 recognise	obl
65	(	(	PUNCT	_	67 attempt	punct
66	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	67 attempt	det
67	attempt	attempt	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 genocide	appos
68	to	to	PART	_	69 destroy	mark
69	destroy	destroy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	67 attempt	acl
70	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	71 people	det
71	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	69 destroy	obj
72	)	)	PUNCT	_	67 attempt	punct
73	,	,	PUNCT	_	77 debate	punct
74	while	while	SCONJ	_	77 debate	mark
75	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	76 historians	det
76	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	77 debate	nsubj
77	debate	debate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	61 recognise	advcl
78	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	80 label	det
79	legal	legal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	80 label	amod
80	label	label	NOUN	Number=Sing	77 debate	obj
81	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 died	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	die	past	millions			in Soviet Ukraine; in a famine; in 1932	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1932=Attribute
2	cause	participle		a famine not said here			vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
3	force	participle					vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	make	gerund	forced collectivisation and impossible grain quotas and amounts not said here				tree rules
5	give	infinitive	farmers	farmers's land and animals	big state farms		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent land=Theme to farm=Recipient
6	have	past	each village	amounts not said here			tree rules
7	hand over	to-infinitive	amounts not said here				vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8	seize	gerund		food			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
9	block	gerund		starving peasants			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer peasant=Theme
10	starve	gerund					tree rules
11	leave	gerund					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
12	recognise	present	Ukraine and many other countries	food		as genocide	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus as genocide=Attribute
13	destroy	to-infinitive	Ukraine and many other countries not said here	a people			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
14	debate	present	some historians	the legal label			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent label=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/12/