The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 10
Nestor Makhno led an anarchist (against any government) peasant army in southern Ukraine from 1918 to 1921, used the tachanka, a horse cart with a machine gun, fought several sides and was finally defeated by the Bolsheviks; he died in Paris.
Who acts: Nestor, Bolsheviks · What happens: lead, use, fight, defeat, die · To what, where: anarchist, 1918, tachanka, several sides
This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nestor, Bolsheviks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nestor | Nestor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 led | nsubj |
| 2 | Makhno | Makhno | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Nestor | flat |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 anarchist | det |
| 5 | anarchist | anarchist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obj |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 government | punct |
| 7 | against | against | ADP | _ | 9 government | case |
| 8 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 government | det |
| 9 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 anarchist | appos |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 government | punct |
| 11 | peasant | peasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 army | amod |
| 12 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 anarchist | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 Ukraine | case |
| 14 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Ukraine | amod |
| 15 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 army | nmod |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 1918 | case |
| 17 | 1918 | 1918 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 led | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 1921 | case |
| 19 | 1921 | 1921 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 1918 | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 used | punct |
| 21 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 tachanka | det |
| 23 | tachanka | tachanka | X | Foreign=Yes | 21 used | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 cart | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 cart | det |
| 26 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cart | compound |
| 27 | cart | cart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tachanka | appos |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 gun | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 gun | det |
| 30 | machine | machine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gun | compound |
| 31 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cart | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fought | punct |
| 33 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 used | conj |
| 34 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 sides | amod |
| 35 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 fought | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 defeated | cc |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 defeated | aux:pass |
| 38 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 39 defeated | advmod |
| 39 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 used | conj |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 Bolsheviks | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Bolsheviks | det |
| 42 | Bolsheviks | bolshevik | PROPN | Number=Plur | 39 defeated | obl |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 died | punct |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 died | nsubj |
| 45 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | parataxis |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 Paris | case |
| 47 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 died | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | Nestor | a anarchist and peasant army in southern Ukraine | 1918 to 1921 | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent anarchist=Theme from 1918=Destination | |||
| 2 | use | past | Nestor not said here | the tachanka | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tachanka=Patient | ||||
| 3 | fight | past | Nestor not said here | several sides | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | defeat | past · passive | the Bolsheviks | finally property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | die | past | Nestor | in Paris | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in paris=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/10/