The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 9
Symon Petliura led the Ukrainian People's Republic's army and government in 1919–1920; in the civil war many forces carried out pogroms against Jews, including troops nominally (on paper) under his command, and historians still debate his responsibility.
Who acts: Symon, many forces, historians, war · What happens: lead, carry out, debate, command · To what, where: army, 1919, pogroms, civil war, responsibility · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Symon, many forces, historians, war), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Symon | Symon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 led | nsubj |
| 2 | Petliura | Petliura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Symon | flat |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Republic | det |
| 5 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 People | compound |
| 6 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Republic | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 People | case |
| 8 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 army | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 Republic | case |
| 10 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 government | cc |
| 12 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 army | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 1919 | case |
| 14 | 1919 | 1919 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 led | obl |
| 15 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 1920 | punct |
| 16 | 1920 | 1920 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 1919 | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 carried | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 war | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 war | det |
| 20 | civil | civil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 war | amod |
| 21 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 carried | obl |
| 22 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 forces | amod |
| 23 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 carried | nsubj |
| 24 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | parataxis |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 carried | compound:prt |
| 26 | pogroms | pogrom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 carried | obj |
| 27 | against | against | ADP | _ | 28 Jews | case |
| 28 | Jews | Jew | PROPN | Number=Plur | 26 pogroms | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 troops | punct |
| 30 | including | include | ADP | _ | 31 troops | case |
| 31 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 26 pogroms | nmod |
| 32 | nominally | nominally | ADV | _ | 24 carried | advmod |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 paper | punct |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 paper | case |
| 35 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 carried | parataxis |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 paper | punct |
| 37 | under | under | ADP | _ | 39 command | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 command | nmod:poss |
| 39 | command | command | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 carried | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 debate | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 debate | cc |
| 42 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 debate | nsubj |
| 43 | still | still | ADV | _ | 44 debate | advmod |
| 44 | debate | debate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | conj |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 responsibility | nmod:poss |
| 46 | responsibility | responsibility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 debate | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | Symon | Ukrainian People's Republic's army and government | 1919 1920 | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent army=Theme in 1919=Destination | |||
| 2 | carry out | past | many forces | pogroms | the civil war | against Jews; include troops; under war's command; nominally property | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pogrom=Eventuality | ||
| 3 | debate | present | historians | war's responsibility | still | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent responsibility=Co-Agent | |||
| 4 | command | war | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/9/