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The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 14

In 1937–1938, in the Great Terror (also called the purges), the Soviet secret police arrested and shot huge numbers of people across the USSR; in Ukraine writers, teachers, priests and Communist leaders were among them, and many lie in the mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyiv.

Who acts: Great Terror, Soviet secret police, Ukraine writers, many · What happens: call, arrest, shoot, be, lie · To what, where: purges, 1937, huge numbers, USSR, mass graves · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great Terror, Soviet secret police, Ukraine writers, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

caseoblpunctflatpunctcasedetamodoblpunctadvmodacl:relcldetxcomppunctpunctdetamodamodnsubjccconjamodobjcasenmodcasedetnmodpunctcasecompoundnsubjpunctconjpunctconjccamodconjconjcaseoblpunctccnsubjconjcasedetamodoblcasenmodcasenmodpunctrootInADP1937NUM–PUNCT1938NUM,PUNCTinADPtheDETGreatADJTerrorPROPN(PUNCTalsoADVcalledVERBtheDETpurgesNOUN)PUNCT,PUNCTtheDETSovietADJsecretADJpoliceNOUNarrestedVERBandCCONJshotVERBhugeADJnumbersNOUNofADPpeopleNOUNacrossADPtheDETUSSRPROPN;PUNCTinADPUkrainePROPNwritersNOUN,PUNCTteachersNOUN,PUNCTpriestsNOUNandCCONJCommunistADJleadersNOUNwereVERBamongADPthemPRON,PUNCTandCCONJmanyADJlieVERBinADPtheDETmassADJgravesNOUNatADPBykivniaPROPNnearADPKyivPROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1IninADP_2 1937case
219371937NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card21 arrestedobl
3–-PUNCT_2 1937punct
419381938NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card2 1937flat
5,,PUNCT_9 Terrorpunct
6ininADP_9 Terrorcase
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art9 Terrordet
8GreatgreatADJDegree=Pos9 Terroramod
9TerrorterrorPROPNNumber=Sing21 arrestedobl
10((PUNCT_12 calledpunct
11alsoalsoADV_12 calledadvmod
12calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass9 Terroracl:relcl
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 purgesdet
14purgespurgeNOUNNumber=Plur12 calledxcomp
15))PUNCT_12 calledpunct
16,,PUNCT_9 Terrorpunct
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 policedet
18SovietsovietADJDegree=Pos20 policeamod
19secretsecretADJDegree=Pos20 policeamod
20policepoliceNOUNNumber=Plur21 arrestednsubj
21arrestedarrestVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
22andandCCONJ_23 shotcc
23shotshootVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 arrestedconj
24hugehugeADJDegree=Pos25 numbersamod
25numbersnumberNOUNNumber=Plur23 shotobj
26ofofADP_27 peoplecase
27peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur25 numbersnmod
28acrossacrossADP_30 USSRcase
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 USSRdet
30USSRUSSRPROPNNumber=Sing25 numbersnmod
31;;PUNCT_34 writerspunct
32ininADP_34 writerscase
33UkraineUkrainePROPNNumber=Sing34 writerscompound
34writerswriterNOUNNumber=Plur42 werensubj
35,,PUNCT_36 teacherspunct
36teachersteacherNOUNNumber=Plur34 writersconj
37,,PUNCT_38 priestspunct
38priestspriestNOUNNumber=Plur34 writersconj
39andandCCONJ_41 leaderscc
40CommunistcommunistADJDegree=Pos41 leadersamod
41leadersleaderNOUNNumber=Plur34 writersconj
42werebeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 arrestedconj
43amongamongADP_44 themcase
44themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs42 wereobl
45,,PUNCT_48 liepunct
46andandCCONJ_48 liecc
47manymanyADJDegree=Pos48 liensubj
48lielieVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin21 arrestedconj
49ininADP_52 gravescase
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art52 gravesdet
51massmassADJDegree=Pos52 gravesamod
52gravesgraveNOUNNumber=Plur48 lieobl
53atatADP_54 Bykivniacase
54BykivniaBykivniaPROPNNumber=Sing52 gravesnmod
55nearnearADP_56 Kyivcase
56KyivKyivPROPNNumber=Sing54 Bykivnianmod
57..PUNCT_21 arrestedpunct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1callparticiplethe Great Terror not said herethe purgesvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2arrestpastthe Soviet secret police1937in the Great Terrorvn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3shootpastthe Soviet secret police not said herehuge numbers of peoplethe USSRvn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
4bepastUkraine writers and teachers and priests and Communist leadersamong peoplevn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among they=Location
5liepresentmanythe mass graves at Bykivnia near Kyivvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in grave=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/14/