Ukraine in the Second World War, sentence 9
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) fought for independence against Soviet forces and at times against the Germans; in 1943–1944 UPA units carried out mass killings of Polish civilians in Volhynia, and Ukrainian and Polish historians work on these facts together.
Who acts: Ukrainian Insurgent, 1944 UPA units · What happens: fight, carry out, work, kill · To what, where: mass killings, 1943, Polish civilians, Volhynia
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine in the Second World War» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian Insurgent, 1944 UPA units), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Army | det |
| 2 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Insurgent | amod |
| 3 | Insurgent | insurgent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fought | nsubj |
| 4 | Army | Army | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 fought | nsubj |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 UPA | punct |
| 6 | UPA | UPA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Army | appos |
| 7 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 UPA | punct |
| 8 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 independence | case |
| 10 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fought | obl |
| 11 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 forces | case |
| 12 | Soviet | soviet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 forces | amod |
| 13 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 independence | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 carried | cc |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 times | case |
| 16 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 carried | obl |
| 17 | against | against | ADP | _ | 19 Germans | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Germans | det |
| 19 | Germans | german | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 times | nmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 1943 | punct |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 1943 | case |
| 22 | 1943 | 1943 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 27 carried | obl |
| 23 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 times | punct |
| 24 | 1944 | 1944 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 units | nummod |
| 25 | UPA | UPA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 units | compound |
| 26 | units | unit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 carried | nsubj |
| 27 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 fought | parataxis |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 27 carried | compound:prt |
| 29 | mass | mass | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 killings | amod |
| 30 | killings | killing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 carried | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 civilians | case |
| 32 | Polish | polish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 civilians | amod |
| 33 | civilians | civilian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 killings | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 Volhynia | case |
| 35 | Volhynia | Volhynia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 killings | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Ukrainian | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 Ukrainian | cc |
| 38 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Volhynia | conj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 historians | cc |
| 40 | Polish | polish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Ukrainian | conj |
| 41 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 Volhynia | conj |
| 42 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fought | parataxis |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 facts | case |
| 44 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 45 facts | det |
| 45 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 work | obl |
| 46 | together | together | ADV | _ | 42 work | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past | Ukrainian Insurgent | for independence against Soviet forces | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | carry out | past | 1944 UPA units | mass killings of Polish civilians | 1943 | time | in Volhynia and Ukrainian and historians | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent killing=Eventuality | |
| 3 | work | present | on this facts; together property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on fact=Theme | |||||
| 4 | kill | Polish civilians | Volhynia and Ukrainian and historians | nom killing «event transitive»: of=patient in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:047-ukraine-in-the-second-world-war.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/47-ukraine-in-the-second-world-war/9/