China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties, sentence 10
Tradition names the Xia as the first dynasty (a family of rulers, one after another), about 2070–1600 BC; some archaeologists link it to the Erlitou site, but no Xia writing has been found, so whether it was real is still debated.
Who acts: Tradition, archaeologists, writing · What happens: name, link, find, be, debate · To what, where: Xia, ruler, Xia writing
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tradition, archaeologists, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 names | nsubj |
| 2 | names | name | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Xia | det |
| 4 | Xia | Xia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 names | obj |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 dynasty | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 dynasty | det |
| 7 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 dynasty | amod |
| 8 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 names | obl |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 family | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 family | det |
| 11 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 dynasty | appos |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 rulers | case |
| 13 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 family | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 one | punct |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 family | conj |
| 16 | after | after | ADP | _ | 17 another | case |
| 17 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 one | nmod |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 family | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 2070 | punct |
| 20 | about | about | ADP | _ | 21 2070 | case |
| 21 | 2070 | 2070 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 names | obl |
| 22 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 23 1600 | case |
| 23 | 1600 | 1600 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 2070 | nmod |
| 24 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 2070 | nmod:unmarked |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 link | punct |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 archaeologists | det |
| 27 | archaeologists | archaeologist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 link | nsubj |
| 28 | link | link | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 names | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 link | obj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 site | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 site | det |
| 32 | Erlitou | Erlitou | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 site | compound |
| 33 | site | site | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 link | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 found | punct |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 found | cc |
| 36 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 writing | det |
| 37 | Xia | Xia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 writing | compound |
| 38 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 found | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 found | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 found | aux:pass |
| 41 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 link | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 real | punct |
| 43 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 real | advmod |
| 44 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 47 real | mark |
| 45 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 real | nsubj |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 real | cop |
| 47 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 debated | csubj:pass |
| 48 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 debated | aux:pass |
| 49 | still | still | ADV | _ | 50 debated | advmod |
| 50 | debated | debate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 names | parataxis |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 names | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | name | present | Tradition | the Xia | as the first dynasty; about 2070 – 1600 BC | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent xia=Theme as dynasty=Attribute | |||
| 2 | link | present | some archaeologists | ruler | to the Erlitou site | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient to site=Co-Patient | |||
| 3 | find | present · perfect · passive | no Xia writing | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 4 | is | past | writing | real property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | debate | present · passive | still | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/10/