China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties, sentence 9
The Yellow Emperor, Huangdi, is a legendary ruler said to have lived about 4,700 years ago; many Chinese honour him as a cultural ancestor, though historians cannot prove he lived.
Who acts: Yellow Emperor, many Chinese, historians, Huangdi · What happens: be, say, live, honour, not prove · To what, where: legendary ruler, Huangdi · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yellow Emperor, many Chinese, historians, Huangdi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Emperor | det |
| 2 | Yellow | yellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Emperor | amod |
| 3 | Emperor | emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 ruler | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Huangdi | punct |
| 5 | Huangdi | Huangdi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Emperor | appos |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Emperor | punct |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 ruler | cop |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 ruler | det |
| 9 | legendary | legendary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ruler | amod |
| 10 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 ruler | acl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 lived | mark |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 lived | aux |
| 14 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 said | xcomp |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 16 4,700 | advmod |
| 16 | 4,700 | 4700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 years | nummod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 18 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 14 lived | advmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 ruler | punct |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Chinese | amod |
| 21 | Chinese | Chinese | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 honour | nsubj |
| 22 | honour | honour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 ruler | parataxis |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 honour | obj |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 ancestor | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 ancestor | det |
| 26 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 ancestor | amod |
| 27 | ancestor | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 honour | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 prove | punct |
| 29 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 33 prove | mark |
| 30 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 prove | nsubj |
| 31 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 prove | aux |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 prove | advmod |
| 33 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 honour | advcl |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 lived | nsubj |
| 35 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 prove | ccomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 ruler | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Yellow Emperor | a legendary ruler | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | participle | a legendary ruler not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | live | to-infinitive · perfect | ago property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | honour | present | many Chinese | Huangdi | as a cultural ancestor | tree rules | |||
| 5 | not prove | can | historians | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | live | past | Huangdi | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/9/