China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall, sentence 15
The walls helped control borders and trade, but enemies did get past: the Mongols conquered China, and the Manchus, a people from the north-east, came through the Shanhaiguan pass, a gateway in the Wall, in 1644.
Who acts: walls, enemies, Mongols, Manchus · What happens: help, control, get past, conquer, come · To what, where: borders, China, Shanhaiguan pass
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (walls, enemies, Mongols, Manchus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 walls | det |
| 2 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 helped | nsubj |
| 3 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | control | control | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 helped | xcomp |
| 5 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 control | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 trade | cc |
| 7 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 borders | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 get | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 get | cc |
| 10 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 get | nsubj |
| 11 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 get | aux |
| 12 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 helped | conj |
| 13 | past | past | ADV | _ | 12 get | advmod |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 conquered | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Mongols | det |
| 16 | Mongols | Mongol | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 conquered | nsubj |
| 17 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 helped | parataxis |
| 18 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 conquered | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 came | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 came | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Manchus | det |
| 22 | Manchus | Manchus | PROPN | Number=Plur | 32 came | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 east | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 people | det |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 Manchus | appos |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 east | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 east | det |
| 28 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 east | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 north | punct |
| 30 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 people | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Manchus | punct |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 helped | conj |
| 33 | through | through | ADP | _ | 36 pass | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 pass | det |
| 35 | Shanhaiguan | Shanhaiguan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 pass | compound |
| 36 | pass | pass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 came | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 gateway | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 gateway | det |
| 39 | gateway | gateway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pass | appos |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 Wall | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Wall | det |
| 42 | Wall | Wall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 gateway | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 1644 | punct |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 1644 | case |
| 45 | 1644 | 1644 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 came | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 helped | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | the walls | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | control | infinitive | the walls not said here | borders and trade | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Theme | ||||
| 3 | get past | past · do-support | enemies | past property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | conquer | past | the Mongols | China | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent china=Patient | ||||
| 5 | come | past | the Manchus | the Shanhaiguan pass | in 1644 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through pass=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:052-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/52-china-the-first-emperor-the-terracotta-army-and-the-great-wall/15/