China: the four great inventions, sentence 16

Tea drinking began in China and had already spread to many lands by trade; in the 1840s the Briton Robert Fortune secretly took tea plants and know-how from China to India.

Who acts: Tea drinking, Briton Robert · What happens: begin, spread, take · To what, where: China, tea plants, 1840s

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tea drinking, Briton Robert), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drinking	compound
2	drinking	drinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	nsubj
3	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 China	case
5	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 began	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 spread	cc
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 spread	aux
8	already	already	ADV	_	9 spread	advmod
9	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 began	conj
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 lands	case
11	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lands	amod
12	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 spread	obl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 trade	case
14	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spread	obl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 took	punct
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 1840s	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 1840s	det
18	1840s	1840	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	24 took	obl
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Briton	det
20	Briton	Briton	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Robert	compound
21	Robert	Robert	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 took	nsubj
22	Fortune	Fortune	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Robert	flat
23	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	24 took	advmod
24	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 began	parataxis
25	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 plants	compound
26	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 took	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 know	cc
28	know	know	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 plants	conj
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	30 how	punct
30	how	how	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 know	flat
31	from	from	ADP	_	32 China	case
32	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 know	nmod
33	to	to	ADP	_	34 India	case
34	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 China	nmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	begin	past	Tea drinking		China		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	spread	past · perfect	Tea drinking not said here			to many lands; by trade	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by trade=Location
3	take	past	Briton Robert	tea plants and know from China to India	the 1840s	secretly property	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plant=Value in 1840=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/16/