China: the four great inventions, sentence 15
Early wheelbarrows are recorded in Han China and crossbows by the 5th century BC; ancient Greece had its own early forms of both.
Who acts: ancient Greece, crossbow · What happens: record, have, form · To what, where: Early wheelbarrows, Han China, own early forms
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient Greece, crossbow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 wheelbarrows | amod |
| 2 | wheelbarrows | wheelbarrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 recorded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 recorded | aux:pass |
| 4 | recorded | record | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 China | case |
| 6 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 China | compound |
| 7 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 recorded | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 crossbows | cc |
| 9 | crossbows | crossbow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 China | conj |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 century | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 century | det |
| 12 | 5th | 5th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 13 century | amod |
| 13 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 recorded | obl |
| 14 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 century | appos |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 had | punct |
| 16 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 Greece | amod |
| 17 | Greece | Greece | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 had | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 recorded | parataxis |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 forms | nmod:poss |
| 20 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 forms | amod |
| 21 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 forms | amod |
| 22 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 had | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 both | case |
| 24 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 forms | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 recorded | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | record | present · passive | Early wheelbarrows | Han China and crossbows | century | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in china=Destination | |||
| 2 | have | past | ancient Greece | crossbow's own early forms of both | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | ||||
| 3 | form | crossbow | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:053-china-the-four-great-inventions.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/15/