China: the Song and the Mongols, sentence 13

Knowledge of gunpowder reached the Islamic world and Europe in the 13th century, likely through Mongol contacts and trade, though the exact route is debated.

Who acts: Knowledge · What happens: reach, debate · To what, where: Islamic world, exact route

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Song and the Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reached	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 gunpowder	case
3	gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Knowledge	nmod
4	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 world	det
6	Islamic	Islamic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 world	compound
7	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reached	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Europe	cc
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 world	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 century	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 century	det
12	13th	13th	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	13 century	amod
13	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reached	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 contacts	punct
15	likely	likely	ADV	_	18 contacts	advmod
16	through	through	ADP	_	18 contacts	case
17	Mongol	mongol	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 contacts	amod
18	contacts	contact	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 century	appos
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 trade	cc
20	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 contacts	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 debated	punct
22	though	though	SCONJ	_	27 debated	mark
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 route	det
24	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 route	amod
25	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 debated	nsubj:pass
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 debated	aux:pass
27	debated	debate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reached	advcl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reached	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	past	Knowledge of gunpowder	the Islamic world and Europe			century		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent world=Theme
2	debate	present · passive		the exact route					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/13/