China: the Song and the Mongols, sentence 8
The Song capitals Kaifeng and later Hangzhou may each have had over a million people, among the largest cities on Earth, while London had perhaps 20,000; Marco Polo called Hangzhou the finest city in the world.
Who acts: Song capitals, London, Marco Polo · What happens: have over, have, call · To what, where: million people, 20,000, Hangzhou · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Song and the Mongols» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Song capitals, London, Marco Polo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 capitals | det |
| 2 | Song | Song | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 capitals | compound |
| 3 | capitals | capital | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 had | nsubj |
| 4 | Kaifeng | Kaifeng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 capitals | appos |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Hangzhou | cc |
| 6 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 Hangzhou | advmod |
| 7 | Hangzhou | Hangzhou | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Kaifeng | conj |
| 8 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 had | aux |
| 9 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 had | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 had | aux |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 12 | over | over | ADV | _ | 14 million | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 million | det |
| 14 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 people | nummod |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 had | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 cities | punct |
| 17 | among | among | ADP | _ | 20 cities | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 cities | det |
| 19 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 cities | amod |
| 20 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 had | conj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 Earth | case |
| 22 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 cities | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 24 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 26 had | mark |
| 25 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 had | advcl |
| 27 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 28 20,000 | advmod |
| 28 | 20,000 | 20000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 had | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 Polo | punct |
| 30 | Marco | Marco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Polo | compound |
| 31 | Polo | Polo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 called | nsubj |
| 32 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 had | parataxis |
| 33 | Hangzhou | Hangzhou | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 called | obj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 city | det |
| 35 | finest | fine | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 36 city | amod |
| 36 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 called | xcomp |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 world | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 world | det |
| 39 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 city | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 had | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have over | may · perfect | the Song capitals | million people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | ||||
| 2 | have | past | London | 20,000 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 20000=Patient | ||||
| 3 | call | past | Marco Polo | Hangzhou | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hangzhou=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:055-china-the-song-and-the-mongols.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/55-china-the-song-and-the-mongols/8/