China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, sentence 14

After 1433 the voyages stopped: they were very expensive, court officials opposed them, and the Ming focused on defending the north against the Mongols.

Who acts: voyages, court officials, Ming · What happens: stop, be, oppose, focus, defend · To what, where: voyages, north

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voyages, court officials, Ming), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	2 1433	case
2	1433	1433	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 stopped	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 voyages	det
4	voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stopped	nsubj
5	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 stopped	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 expensive	nsubj
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 expensive	cop
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 expensive	advmod
10	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stopped	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 opposed	punct
12	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 officials	compound
13	officials	official	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 opposed	nsubj
14	opposed	oppose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 expensive	conj
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 opposed	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 focused	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 focused	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Ming	det
19	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 focused	nsubj
20	focused	focus	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 expensive	conj
21	on	on	SCONJ	_	22 defending	mark
22	defending	defend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 focused	advcl
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 north	det
24	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 defending	obj
25	against	against	ADP	_	27 Mongols	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Mongols	det
27	Mongols	Mongol	PROPN	Number=Plur	22 defending	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stopped	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	stop	past	the voyages		after 1433		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	is	past	voyages = voyage			expensive property	tree rules
3	oppose	participle	court officials	voyages = voyage			vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
4	focus	past	the Ming				vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
5	defend	gerund	the Ming not said here	the north		against the Mongols	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent north=Beneficiary against mongol=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/14/