China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 8
The century was also full of change: a huge civil war, a powerful empress dowager, a lost war with Japan, the Boxer uprising, and finally a two-year-old boy, Puyi, who became the last emperor and ended his life working in a botanical garden.
Who acts: century, old boy · What happens: be, lose, become, end, work · To what, where: last emperor, life
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (century, old boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 century | det |
| 2 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 full | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 full | cop |
| 4 | also | also | ADV | _ | 5 full | advmod |
| 5 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 change | case |
| 7 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 full | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 war | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 war | det |
| 10 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 war | amod |
| 11 | civil | civil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 war | amod |
| 12 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 change | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 dowager | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 dowager | det |
| 15 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 dowager | amod |
| 16 | empress | empress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 dowager | compound |
| 17 | dowager | dowager | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 war | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 war | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 war | det |
| 20 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 war | amod |
| 21 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 change | nmod |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 Japan | case |
| 23 | Japan | Japan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 war | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 uprising | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 uprising | det |
| 26 | Boxer | boxer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 uprising | compound |
| 27 | uprising | uprising | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 change | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 boy | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 boy | cc |
| 30 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 37 boy | advmod |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 boy | det |
| 32 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 year | nummod |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 two | punct |
| 34 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 old | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 year | punct |
| 36 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 boy | amod |
| 37 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 change | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Puyi | punct |
| 39 | Puyi | Puyi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 boy | appos |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 became | punct |
| 41 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 became | nsubj |
| 42 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 boy | acl:relcl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 emperor | det |
| 44 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 emperor | amod |
| 45 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 became | xcomp |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 ended | cc |
| 47 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 became | conj |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 life | nmod:poss |
| 49 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 ended | obj |
| 50 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 ended | advcl |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 garden | case |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 garden | det |
| 53 | botanical | botanical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 garden | amod |
| 54 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 working | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 full | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the century | of change a huge civil war and a powerful empress dowager a lost war with Japan and the Boxer uprising and a old boy; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lose | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | become | past | a old boy | the last emperor | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | end | past | a old boy not said here | Puyi's life | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality life=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | work | gerund | a old boy not said here | in a botanical garden | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in garden=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/8/