China: the Qing and the Opium Wars, sentence 9
The Qing dynasty, 1644–1912, was founded by the Manchus from the northeast; it ruled through Chinese institutions, kept Manchu customs and made men wear the queue, a shaved forehead with a long braid.
Who acts: Manchus, dynasty, men · What happens: found, rule, keep, make, wear, shave · To what, where: Qing dynasty, northeast, Chinese institutions, Manchu customs, queue
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Qing and the Opium Wars» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Manchus, dynasty, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 dynasty | det |
| 2 | Qing | Qing | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 dynasty | compound |
| 3 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 founded | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 1644 | punct |
| 5 | 1644 | 1644 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 dynasty | nmod |
| 6 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 7 1912 | case |
| 7 | 1912 | 1912 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 1644 | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 dynasty | punct |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 founded | aux:pass |
| 10 | founded | found | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 Manchus | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Manchus | det |
| 13 | Manchus | Manchus | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 founded | obl:agent |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 northeast | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 northeast | det |
| 16 | northeast | northeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 founded | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 ruled | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 ruled | nsubj |
| 19 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 founded | parataxis |
| 20 | through | through | ADP | _ | 22 institutions | case |
| 21 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 institutions | amod |
| 22 | institutions | institution | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 ruled | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 kept | punct |
| 24 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 ruled | conj |
| 25 | Manchu | manchu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 customs | compound |
| 26 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 kept | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 made | cc |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 ruled | conj |
| 29 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 wear | nsubj |
| 30 | wear | wear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 made | xcomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 queue | det |
| 32 | queue | queue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wear | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 forehead | punct |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 forehead | det |
| 35 | shaved | shave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 forehead | amod |
| 36 | forehead | forehead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 queue | appos |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 braid | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 braid | det |
| 39 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 braid | amod |
| 40 | braid | braid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 forehead | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 founded | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | found | past · passive | the Manchus | the Qing dynasty 1644 – 1912 | the northeast | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | rule | past | dynasty | Chinese institutions | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | keep | past | dynasty not said here | Manchu customs | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent custom=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | past | dynasty not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | wear | infinitive | men | the queue | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent queue=Source | ||||
| 6 | shave | participle | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:057-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/57-china-the-qing-and-the-opium-wars/9/