How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline, sentence 15
Nobody invented fire: it existed in lightning and wildfires; earlier kinds of humans learned to keep it maybe a million years ago, and regular campfires go back about 400,000 years.
Who acts: Nobody, fire, regular campfires · What happens: invent, exist, learn, keep, go back · To what, where: fire, lightning, earlier kinds
This is a sentence of the lesson «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody, fire, regular campfires), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 invented | nsubj |
| 2 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 existed | parataxis |
| 3 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 invented | obj |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 existed | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 existed | nsubj |
| 6 | existed | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 lightning | case |
| 8 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 existed | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 wildfires | cc |
| 10 | wildfires | wildfire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lightning | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 kinds | punct |
| 12 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 kinds | amod |
| 13 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lightning | conj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 humans | case |
| 15 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 kinds | nmod |
| 16 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 kinds | acl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 keep | mark |
| 18 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 learned | xcomp |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 keep | obj |
| 20 | maybe | maybe | ADV | _ | 22 million | advmod |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 million | det |
| 22 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 years | nummod |
| 23 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 18 keep | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 go | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 go | cc |
| 27 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 campfires | amod |
| 28 | campfires | campfire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 go | nsubj |
| 29 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 existed | conj |
| 30 | back | back | ADV | _ | 29 go | advmod |
| 31 | about | about | ADV | _ | 32 400,000 | advmod |
| 32 | 400,000 | 400,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 years | nummod |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 go | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | participle | Nobody | fire | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Result | ||||
| 2 | exist | past | fire | lightning and wildfires and earlier kinds of humans | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lightning=Location | ||||
| 3 | learn | participle | earlier kinds of humans not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | fire | ago property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | go back | present | regular campfires | year | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:061-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/15/