How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline, sentence 18

Farming began separately in several places: wheat in the Middle East, rice in China, maize in Mexico, potatoes in the Andes, bananas and taro in New Guinea, sorghum in Africa.

Who acts: Farming · What happens: begin · To what, where: several places

This is a sentence of the lesson «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farming), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 began	nsubj
2	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	separately	separately	ADV	_	2 began	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 places	case
5	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 places	amod
6	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 began	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 wheat	punct
8	wheat	wheat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 places	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 East	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 East	det
11	Middle	Middle	PROPN	_	12 East	compound
12	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 wheat	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 rice	punct
14	rice	rice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wheat	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 China	case
16	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 rice	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 maize	punct
18	maize	maize	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wheat	conj
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Mexico	case
20	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 maize	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 potatoes	punct
22	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 wheat	conj
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 Andes	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Andes	det
25	Andes	Andes	PROPN	Number=Plur	22 potatoes	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 bananas	punct
27	bananas	banana	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 wheat	conj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 taro	cc
29	taro	taro	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 bananas	conj
30	in	in	ADP	_	32 Guinea	case
31	New	New	PROPN	_	32 Guinea	compound
32	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 taro	nmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 sorghum	punct
34	sorghum	sorghum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wheat	conj
35	in	in	ADP	_	36 Africa	case
36	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 sorghum	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past	Farming			several places and wheat in the Middle East and rice in China and maize in Mexico and potatoes in the Andes and bananas and taro in New Guinea and sorghum in Africa		separately property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:061-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/18/