Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 16
About 2,500 years ago the Persian Royal Road had rest stations where fresh riders and horses carried messages in relays; the Inca later built about 40,000 km of roads with runners.
Who acts: Persian Royal Road, fresh riders, Inca · What happens: have, carry, build · To what, where: rest stations, messages, relays, 40,000 km
This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Persian Royal Road, fresh riders, Inca), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 2,500 | advmod |
| 2 | 2,500 | 2500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 had | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Road | det |
| 6 | Persian | Persian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Road | compound |
| 7 | Royal | Royal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Road | compound |
| 8 | Road | Road | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 had | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stations | compound |
| 11 | stations | station | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 had | obj |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 carried | advmod |
| 13 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 riders | amod |
| 14 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 carried | nsubj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 horses | cc |
| 16 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 riders | conj |
| 17 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 stations | acl:relcl |
| 18 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 carried | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 relays | case |
| 20 | relays | relay | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 carried | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 Inca | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Inca | det |
| 23 | Inca | Inca | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 built | nsubj |
| 24 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 25 built | advmod |
| 25 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 had | parataxis |
| 26 | about | about | ADV | _ | 27 40,000 | advmod |
| 27 | 40,000 | 40000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 km | nummod |
| 28 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 built | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 roads | case |
| 30 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 km | nmod |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 runners | case |
| 32 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 roads | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 had | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Persian Royal Road | rest stations | ago property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent station=Patient | |||
| 2 | carry | past | fresh riders and horses | messages | relays | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent message=Value in relay=Location | |||
| 3 | build | past | the Inca | 40,000 km of roads with runners | late property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent km=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/16/