Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses, sentence 17
Scientists using ancient DNA think the horses we ride today were tamed on the steppes north of the Black Sea, around what is now southern Russia and Ukraine, about 4,200 years ago; this is still studied.
Who acts: Scientists, we · What happens: use, think, ride, tame, be, study · To what, where: ancient DNA, horses, steppes, southern Russia, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scientists, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 think | nsubj |
| 2 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Scientists | acl |
| 3 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 DNA | amod |
| 4 | DNA | DNA | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 using | obj |
| 5 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 horses | det |
| 7 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 tamed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 ride | nsubj |
| 9 | ride | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 horses | acl:relcl |
| 10 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ride | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 tamed | aux:pass |
| 12 | tamed | tame | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 think | ccomp |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 steppes | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 steppes | det |
| 15 | steppes | steppe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 tamed | obl |
| 16 | north | north | ADV | _ | 15 steppes | advmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Sea | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Sea | det |
| 19 | Black | Black | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Sea | compound |
| 20 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 north | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 what | punct |
| 22 | around | around | ADP | _ | 23 what | case |
| 23 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 tamed | advcl |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 Russia | cop |
| 25 | now | now | ADV | _ | 27 Russia | advmod |
| 26 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 Russia | amod |
| 27 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 what | acl:relcl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 Ukraine | cc |
| 29 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Russia | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 years | punct |
| 31 | about | about | ADV | _ | 32 4,200 | advmod |
| 32 | 4,200 | 4,200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 years | nummod |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 23 what | advmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 studied | punct |
| 36 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 studied | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 studied | aux:pass |
| 38 | still | still | ADV | _ | 39 studied | advmod |
| 39 | studied | study | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 think | ccomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 think | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | gerund | Scientists not said here | ancient DNA | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Patient | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | Scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | ride | present | we | the horses not said here | today | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | |||
| 4 | tame | past · passive | the horses | the steppes | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | southern Russia and Ukraine | now | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | study | present · passive | this | still | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:062-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/17/