Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other, sentence 23

Many peoples kept laws without writing: the Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace was remembered with wampum belts, and Somali clans used xeer, a law kept by elders.

Who acts: Somali clans · What happens: keep, remember, use · To what, where: Many peoples, Haudenosaunee Great Law, xeer, law

This is a sentence of the lesson «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Somali clans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 peoples	amod
2	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kept	nsubj:pass
3	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 kept	obj
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 writing	case
6	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kept	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 remembered	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Law	det
9	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Law	compound
10	Great	Great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Law	amod
11	Law	Law	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 remembered	nsubj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Peace	case
13	Peace	Peace	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Law	nmod
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 remembered	aux:pass
15	remembered	remember	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 writing	conj
16	with	with	ADP	_	18 belts	case
17	wampum	wampum	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 belts	compound
18	belts	belt	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 remembered	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 remembered	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 used	cc
21	Somali	Somali	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 clans	amod
22	clans	clan	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 used	nsubj
23	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 remembered	conj
24	xeer	xeer	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 used	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 law	punct
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 law	det
27	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 xeer	appos
28	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 law	acl
29	by	by	ADP	_	30 elders	case
30	elders	elder	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 kept	obl:agent
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 kept	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	keep	past · passive		Many peoples	without writing	vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme law=Attribute
2	remember	past · passive		the Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace	with wampum belts	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme
3	use	past	Somali clans	xeer		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent xeer=Patient
4	keep	participle		a law not said here		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:063-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other.lesson:23.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/23/