From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries, sentence 18

Real empires needed roads, governors, taxes and soldiers to hold together, and most broke up when ruling far-off lands got too hard.

Who acts: Real empires, most, ruling · What happens: need, hold together, break up, rule, get · To what, where: roads, off lands

This is a sentence of the lesson «From band to nation: families, tribes, kingdoms, empires and countries» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real empires, most, ruling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 empires	amod
2	empires	empire	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 needed	nsubj
3	needed	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 needed	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 governors	punct
6	governors	governor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 roads	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 taxes	punct
8	taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 roads	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 soldiers	cc
10	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 roads	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 hold	mark
12	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 soldiers	acl
13	together	together	ADV	_	12 hold	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 broke	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 broke	cc
16	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	17 broke	nsubj
17	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 needed	conj
18	up	up	ADP	_	17 broke	compound:prt
19	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	25 got	advmod
20	ruling	rule	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	25 got	csubj
21	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	23 off	advmod
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 far	punct
23	off	off	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 lands	amod
24	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 ruling	obj
25	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 broke	advcl
26	too	too	ADV	_	27 hard	advmod
27	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 got	xcomp
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 needed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	need	past	Real empires	roads and governors and taxes and soldiers		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot road=Theme
2	hold together	to-infinitive	Real empires not said here		together property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	break up	past	most			vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	rule	gerund		off lands		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme
5	get	past	ruling		hard property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:066-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/66-from-band-to-nation-families-tribes-kingdoms-empires-and-countries/18/