Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies, sentence 10
Many kings claimed God chose them; in China rulers spoke of the Mandate of Heaven, which a bad ruler could lose, giving people a reason to replace him.
Who acts: Many kings, God, China rulers, bad ruler · What happens: claim, choose, speak, lose, give, replace · To what, where: ways, Mandate, reason, people, king · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many kings, God, China rulers, bad ruler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 kings | amod |
| 2 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 claimed | nsubj |
| 3 | claimed | claim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 chose | nsubj |
| 5 | chose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 claimed | ccomp |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 chose | obj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 spoke | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 rulers | case |
| 9 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 rulers | compound |
| 10 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 spoke | nsubj |
| 11 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 claimed | parataxis |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Mandate | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Mandate | det |
| 14 | Mandate | mandate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 spoke | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Heaven | case |
| 16 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Mandate | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 lose | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 lose | obj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 ruler | det |
| 20 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 ruler | amod |
| 21 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lose | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 lose | aux |
| 23 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 Mandate | acl:relcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 giving | punct |
| 25 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 lose | advcl |
| 26 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 giving | iobj |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 reason | det |
| 28 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 giving | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 replace | mark |
| 30 | replace | replace | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 reason | acl |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 replace | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 claimed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | claim speech: other | past | Many kings | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | choose | past | God | ways = way | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | China rulers | of the Mandate of Heaven | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | lose | could | a bad ruler | the Mandate of Heaven | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | give | gerund | a bad ruler not said here | a reason | people | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient reason=Theme | |||
| 6 | replace | to-infinitive | a bad ruler not said here | king | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/10/