Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies, sentence 9

George Washington stepped down after eight years as president, and that peaceful handover became a strong example, because for most of history rulers refused to give up power.

Who acts: George, peaceful handover, rulers · What happens: step down, become, refuse, not give up · To what, where: strong example, power

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George, peaceful handover, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	George	George	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 stepped	nsubj
2	Washington	Washington	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 George	flat
3	stepped	step	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 stepped	compound:prt
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 years	case
6	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 years	nummod
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stepped	obl
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 president	case
9	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 years	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 became	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 became	cc
12	that	that	DET	PronType=Dem	14 handover	det
13	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 handover	amod
14	handover	handover	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 became	nsubj
15	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stepped	conj
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 example	det
17	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 example	amod
18	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 became	xcomp
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 refused	punct
20	because	because	SCONJ	_	26 refused	mark
21	for	for	ADP	_	22 most	case
22	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	26 refused	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 history	case
24	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 most	nmod
25	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 refused	nsubj
26	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 became	advcl
27	to	to	PART	_	28 give	mark
28	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 refused	xcomp
29	up	up	ADP	_	28 give	compound:prt
30	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 give	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stepped	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	step down	past	George		year		vn resign-10.11 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	become	past	that peaceful handover	a strong example			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	refuse	past	rulers			for most of history	vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	not give up	to-infinitive	rulers not said here	power			vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:067-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/9/