What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 1

After 1492 ships began to link the Americas with the rest of the world, and plants, animals, people and germs crossed the ocean both ways; historians call this the Columbian Exchange.

Who acts: 1492 ships, plants, historians · What happens: begin, link, cross, call · To what, where: Americas, ocean, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1492 ships, plants, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	SCONJ	_	4 began	mark
2	1492	1492	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ships	nummod
3	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 began	nsubj
4	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 link	mark
6	link	link	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 began	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Americas	det
8	Americas	Americas	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 link	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 rest	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rest	det
11	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 link	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 world	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 world	det
14	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 rest	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 crossed	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 crossed	cc
17	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 crossed	nsubj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 animals	punct
19	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 plants	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 people	punct
21	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 plants	conj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 germs	cc
23	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 plants	conj
24	crossed	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 began	conj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 ocean	det
26	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 crossed	obj
27	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	28 ways	det
28	ways	way	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 crossed	obl:unmarked
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 call	punct
30	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 call	nsubj
31	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 began	parataxis
32	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	31 call	obj
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 Exchange	det
34	Columbian	Columbian	PROPN	Number=Sing	35 Exchange	compound
35	Exchange	Exchange	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 call	xcomp
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	begin	past	1492 ships			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	link	to-infinitive	1492 ships not said here	the Americas	with the rest of the world	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent americas=Patient with rest=Co-Patient
3	cross	past	plants and animals and people and germs	the ocean	both ways obl:unmarked	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient
4	call	present	historians	this		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/1/