What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 6

Potatoes were first grown in the Andes of South America thousands of years ago, reached Europe in the 1500s and spread across Europe, Ukraine included, in the 1700s and 1800s; when potato disease struck Ireland in 1845–1852, about a million people died and about a million left.

Who acts: Ukraine, potato disease, million people, million · What happens: grow, reach, spread, include, strike, die · To what, where: Potatoes, Andes, Europe, 1500s, Ireland, 1845

This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukraine, potato disease, million people, million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grown	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	aux:pass
3	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 grown	advmod
4	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Andes	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Andes	det
7	Andes	Andes	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 grown	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 America	case
9	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 America	compound
10	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Andes	nmod
11	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ago	obl:unmarked
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 years	case
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 thousands	nmod
14	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 grown	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 reached	punct
16	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	conj
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 reached	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 1500s	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 1500s	det
20	1500s	1500	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 reached	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 spread	cc
22	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 reached	conj
23	across	across	ADP	_	24 Europe	case
24	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 spread	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 Ukraine	punct
26	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 included	nsubj
27	included	include	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 Europe	acl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 1700s	punct
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 1700s	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 1700s	det
31	1700s	1700	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 spread	obl
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 1800s	cc
33	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	31 1700s	conj
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 grown	punct
35	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	38 struck	advmod
36	potato	potato	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 disease	compound
37	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 struck	nsubj
38	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	49 died	advcl
39	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 struck	obj
40	in	in	ADP	_	41 1845	case
41	1845	1845	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	38 struck	obl
42	–	-	PUNCT	_	43 1852	punct
43	1852	1852	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	41 1845	nmod
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 died	punct
45	about	about	ADV	_	47 million	advmod
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 million	det
47	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	48 people	nummod
48	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 died	nsubj
49	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grown	parataxis
50	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 left	cc
51	about	about	ADV	_	53 million	advmod
52	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	53 million	det
53	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	54 left	nsubj
54	left	left	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	49 died	conj
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grown	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	grow	past · passive		Potatoes	the Andes of South America	ago, first property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	reach	past		Europe	the 1500s		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme
3	spread	past			Europe	in the 1700s and 1800s	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1700=Location
4	include	past	Ukraine	Europe not said here			vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent europe=Theme
5	strike	past	potato disease	Ireland	1845 1852		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent ireland=Instrument
6	die	past	million people				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
7	left	past	a million				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/6/