What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 8
Sugar cane was first grown in New Guinea, and people in India first made crystal sugar; from the 1500s Europeans set up sugar plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean worked by enslaved Africans.
Who acts: people, Europeans, sugar plantations · What happens: grow, make, set up, work, enslave · To what, where: Sugar cane, New Guinea, crystal sugar, sugar plantations, 1500s
This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Europeans, sugar plantations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cane | compound |
| 2 | cane | cane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 grown | aux:pass |
| 4 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 grown | advmod |
| 5 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Guinea | case |
| 7 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Guinea | compound |
| 8 | Guinea | Guinea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 grown | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 made | cc |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 made | nsubj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 India | case |
| 13 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 people | nmod |
| 14 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 15 made | advmod |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 grown | conj |
| 16 | crystal | crystal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sugar | compound |
| 17 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 Europeans | punct |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 1500s | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 1500s | det |
| 21 | 1500s | 1500 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 23 set | obl |
| 22 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 set | nsubj |
| 23 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 grown | parataxis |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 set | compound:prt |
| 25 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 plantations | compound |
| 26 | plantations | plantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 set | obj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 Brazil | case |
| 28 | Brazil | Brazil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 plantations | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 Caribbean | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Caribbean | det |
| 31 | Caribbean | Caribbean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Brazil | conj |
| 32 | worked | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 plantations | acl |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 Africans | case |
| 34 | enslaved | enslave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 Africans | amod |
| 35 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 32 worked | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 grown | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past · passive | Sugar cane | New Guinea | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | make | past | people in India | crystal sugar | first property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Product | |||
| 3 | set up | past | Europeans | sugar plantations | the 1500s | in Brazil and the Caribbean | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plantation=Theme in brazil=Destination | ||
| 4 | work | past | sugar plantations not said here | by enslaved Africans | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | enslave | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/8/