Why some places grew rich, sentence 8
Silver from Potosí, in today's Bolivia, flowed to Spain from the 1500s; much was spent on wars, prices rose, Spain's kings ran out of money several times, and much of the silver ended up in China, which wanted silver.
Who acts: Silver, prices, kings, much, China · What happens: flow, spend, rise, run, end up, want · To what, where: Spain, 1500s, much, wars, money, China
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why some places grew rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Silver, prices, kings, much), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 flowed | nsubj |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 3 Potosí | case |
| 3 | Potosí | Potosí | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Silver | nmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Bolivia | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Bolivia | case |
| 6 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Bolivia | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 today | case |
| 8 | Bolivia | Bolivia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Potosí | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Silver | punct |
| 10 | flowed | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 Spain | case |
| 12 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 flowed | obl |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 1500s | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 1500s | det |
| 15 | 1500s | 1500 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 10 flowed | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 spent | punct |
| 17 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 spent | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 spent | aux:pass |
| 19 | spent | spend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 flowed | parataxis |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 wars | case |
| 21 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 spent | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 rose | punct |
| 23 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 rose | nsubj |
| 24 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 spent | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 ran | punct |
| 26 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 kings | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 Spain | case |
| 28 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 ran | nsubj |
| 29 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 rose | conj |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 money | case |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 money | case |
| 32 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ran | obl |
| 33 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 times | amod |
| 34 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 ran | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 ended | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 much | cc |
| 37 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 ended | nsubj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 silver | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 silver | det |
| 40 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 much | nmod |
| 41 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 spent | advcl |
| 42 | up | up | ADP | _ | 41 ended | compound:prt |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 China | case |
| 44 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 ended | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 wanted | punct |
| 46 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 wanted | nsubj |
| 47 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 China | acl:relcl |
| 48 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 wanted | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 flowed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | past | Silver from Potosí and today's Bolivia | Spain | the 1500s | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | spend | past · passive | much | on wars goal | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Asset on war=Goal | ||||
| 3 | rise | past | prices | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | run | past | Spain's kings | money | time | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out money=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | end up | past | much of the silver | in China result | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in china=Result | ||||
| 6 | want | past | China | silver | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot silver=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:072-why-some-places-grew-rich.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/72-why-some-places-grew-rich/8/