Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 11

In old Edinburgh people sometimes threw waste from upstairs windows with the shout «gardyloo», probably from French for «watch out for the water»; it was against the rules, and towns fined people for it.

Who acts: people, towns, water · What happens: throw, watch out, be, fine · To what, where: waste, old Edinburgh, people

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, towns, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 Edinburgh	case
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Edinburgh	amod
3	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 threw	obl
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 threw	nsubj
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 threw	advmod
6	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 threw	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 windows	case
9	upstairs	upstairs	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 windows	amod
10	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 threw	obl
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 shout	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 shout	det
13	shout	shout	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 threw	obl
14	«	«	ADP	_	16 »	case
15	gardyloo	gardyloo	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shout	appos
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 gardyloo	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 fined	punct
18	probably	probably	ADV	_	38 fined	advmod
19	from	from	ADP	_	20 French	case
20	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 probably	obl
21	for	for	SCONJ	_	23 watch	mark
22	«	«	PART	_	23 watch	mark
23	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	38 fined	advcl
24	out	out	ADP	_	23 watch	compound:prt
25	for	for	ADP	_	27 water	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 water	det
27	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 watch	obl
28	»	»	PUNCT	_	23 watch	punct
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 rules	punct
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 rules	nsubj
31	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 rules	cop
32	against	against	ADP	_	34 rules	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 rules	det
34	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 threw	parataxis
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 fined	punct
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 fined	cc
37	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 fined	nsubj
38	fined	fine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 threw	conj
39	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 fined	obj
40	for	for	ADP	_	41 it	case
41	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 fined	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 threw	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	throw	past	people	waste		old Edinburgh	from upstairs windows; with the shout; sometimes property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent waste=Theme in edinburgh=Destination
2	watch out in a quote	infinitive	towns not said here				for the water	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for water=Theme
3	is	past	water				against the rules	tree rules
4	fine	past	towns		people		for water; probably property	vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/11/