Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 16

About 2 billion people in the world still have no safe drinking water at home, and girls often spend hours fetching water.

Who acts: billion people, girls · What happens: have, spend, fetch · To what, where: safe drinking water, home, water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (billion people, girls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	About	about	ADV	_	3 billion	advmod
2	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 billion	compound
3	billion	billion	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 people	nummod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 have	nsubj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 world	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 world	det
7	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 people	nmod
8	still	still	ADV	_	9 have	advmod
9	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 water	det
11	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 water	amod
12	drinking	drinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 water	compound
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 have	obj
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 home	case
15	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 have	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 spend	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 spend	cc
18	girls	girl	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 spend	nsubj
19	often	often	ADV	_	20 spend	advmod
20	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 have	conj
21	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 spend	obj
22	fetching	fetch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 spend	advcl
23	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 fetching	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	billion people in the world	no safe drinking water	home	still		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
2	spend	present	girls			hour	often property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	fetch	gerund	girls not said here	water				vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/16/