Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 1
Today the answer depends on where you draw the city's edge: a 2025 UN report put Jakarta first, Dhaka second and Tokyo third, while older lists put Tokyo on top, so three friends can each be right by a different rule.
Who acts: answer, you, UN report, older lists, three friends · What happens: depend, draw, put, be · To what, where: edge, Jakarta, Tokyo, top
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (answer, you, UN report, older lists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 depends | obl:unmarked |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 answer | det |
| 3 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 depends | nsubj |
| 4 | depends | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 8 draw | mark |
| 6 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 draw | advmod |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 draw | nsubj |
| 8 | draw | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 depends | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 city | det |
| 10 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 edge | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 city | case |
| 12 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 draw | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 report | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 report | det |
| 15 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 UN | nummod |
| 16 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 report | compound |
| 17 | report | report | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 put | nsubj |
| 18 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 depends | parataxis |
| 19 | Jakarta | Jakarta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 put | obj |
| 20 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 put | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Dhaka | punct |
| 22 | Dhaka | Dhaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Jakarta | conj |
| 23 | second | second | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 22 Dhaka | advmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Tokyo | cc |
| 25 | Tokyo | Tokyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Dhaka | conj |
| 26 | third | third | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 put | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 put | punct |
| 28 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 31 put | mark |
| 29 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 lists | amod |
| 30 | lists | list | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 put | nsubj |
| 31 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 put | advcl |
| 32 | Tokyo | Tokyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 put | obj |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 top | case |
| 34 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 put | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 right | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 42 right | advmod |
| 37 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 friends | nummod |
| 38 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 right | nsubj |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 right | aux |
| 40 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 friends | appos |
| 41 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 42 right | cop |
| 42 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 depends | parataxis |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 rule | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 rule | det |
| 45 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 rule | amod |
| 46 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 right | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 depends | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | depend | present | the answer | today | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | draw | present | you | the city's edge | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Theme | ||||
| 3 | put | past | a UN report | Jakarta and Dhaka and Tokyo | first, third property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent jakarta=Goal | |||
| 4 | put | past | older lists | Tokyo | top | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent tokyo=Theme on top=Destination | |||
| 5 | is | can | three friends | by a different rule; right property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/1/