Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 2

Cities of more than 10 million people are called megacities; there are now more than 30, most of them in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and Lagos and Kinshasa are among the fastest growing on Earth.

Who acts: 30, most · What happens: call, be, grow · To what, where: Cities, Earth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (30, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 called	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	7 people	case
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	6 million	advmod
4	than	than	ADP	_	3 more	fixed
5	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 million	compound
6	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 people	nummod
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Cities	nmod
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 called	aux:pass
9	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	megacities	megacity	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 called	xcomp
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 are	punct
12	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	13 are	expl
13	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 called	parataxis
14	now	now	ADV	_	13 are	advmod
15	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	17 30	advmod
16	than	than	ADP	_	15 more	fixed
17	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 are	nsubj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 fastest	punct
19	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	37 fastest	nsubj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 them	case
21	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 most	nmod
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 Asia	case
23	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 most	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 Africa	punct
25	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Asia	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 America	cc
27	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 America	compound
28	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Asia	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 Lagos	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 Lagos	cc
31	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Asia	conj
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 Kinshasa	cc
33	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Lagos	conj
34	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 fastest	cop
35	among	among	ADP	_	37 fastest	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 fastest	det
37	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 called	xcomp
38	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	37 fastest	acl
39	on	on	ADP	_	40 Earth	case
40	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 growing	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 called	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present · passive		Cities of million people				vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	be	present	30		there	now		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	most of megacities in Asia and Africa and Latin America and Lagos and Kinshasa				fast property	tree rules
4	grow	gerund			Earth			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on earth=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/2/